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Graphic Designer Training and Qualifications
A bachelor’s or an associate degree in graphic design is usually required for
a job as a graphic designer. Creativity, communication, and problem solving
skills and familiarity with computer graphics and design software also are
important.
Education and training. A bachelor’s degree is required for
most entry-level and advanced graphic design positions; although some
entry-level technical positions may only require an associate degree. Bachelor’s
degree programs in fine arts or graphic design are offered at many colleges,
universities, and private design schools. Most curriculums include studio art,
principles of design, computerized design, commercial graphics production,
printing techniques, and Web site design. In addition to design courses, a
liberal arts education that includes courses in art history, writing,
psychology, sociology, foreign languages and cultural studies, marketing, and
business are useful in helping designers work effectively.
Associate degrees and certificates in graphic design also are available from
2-year and 3-year professional schools. These programs usually focus on the
technical aspects of graphic design and include few liberal arts courses.
Graduates of 2-year programs normally qualify as assistants to graphic designers
or for positions requiring technical skills only. Individuals who wish to pursue
a career in graphic design—and who already possess a bachelor’s degree in
another field—can complete a 2-year or 3-year program in graphic design to learn
the technical requirements.
The National Association of Schools of Art and Design accredits about 250
postsecondary institutions with programs in art and design. Most of these
schools award a degree in graphic design. Many schools do not allow formal entry
into a bachelor’s degree program until a student has successfully finished a
year of basic art and design courses. Applicants may be required to submit
sketches and other examples of their artistic ability.
Increasingly, employers expect new graphic designers to be familiar with
computer graphics and design software. Graphic designers must keep up with new
and updated software, on their own or through software training programs.
Other qualifications. In addition to postsecondary training in
graphic design, creativity, communication, and problem-solving skills are
crucial. Graphic designers must be creative and able to communicate their ideas
visually, verbally, and in writing. They also must have an eye for details.
Designers show employers these traits by putting together a portfolio—a
collection of examples of a person’s best work. A good portfolio often is the
deciding factor in getting a job.
Because consumer tastes can change quickly, designers also need to be well
read, open to new ideas and influences, and quick to react to changing trends.
The ability to work independently and under pressure are equally important
traits. People in this field need self-discipline to start projects on their
own, to budget their time, and to meet deadlines and production schedules. Good
business sense and sales ability also are important, especially for those who
freelance or run their own firms.
Advancement. Beginning graphic designers usually receive
on-the-job training and normally need 1 to 3 years of training before they can
advance to higher positions. Experienced graphic designers in large firms may
advance to chief designer, art or creative director, or other supervisory
positions. Some designers leave the occupation to become teachers in design
schools or in colleges and universities. Many faculty members continue to
consult privately or operate small design studios to complement their classroom
activities. Some experienced designers open their own firms or choose to
specialize in one area of graphic design.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,
Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2008-09 Edition
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Graphic Designer Job
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